Search published articles
Showing 15 results for karimi
Roya Eshraqhi Samani, Tayyebeh Karimi, Marjan Vahedi, Tayyebeh Saydeh,
Volume 3, Issue 5 (8-2016)
Volume 3, Issue 5 (8-2016)
Abstract
The current research was conducted with the purpose of Challenges of rural entrepreneurship in Ilam province. With respect to objectives, this research is an applied study using a survey method. Statistical population of the current research includes 400 persons of village assistants of Ilam province Sample size was determined through Cochran formula (n=196). Sampling was carried out through stratified random sampling method with appropriate assignment Content validity and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts’ judgments and the reliability of which was determined through the calculation of Cronbach alpha coefficient (=α0.86). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software, version 19.According to results of factor analysis, five factors were identified including economic, political, instructional, social, and cultural impediments which specified 62.82 percent of the total variance. In addition, economic impediments with a special value of 5.035 explains the largest portion of total variance (22.31 percent) and cultural impediments with the special value of 1.484 explains the smallest portion (5.48 percent).
Mr Naser Valizadeh, Dr Hamid Karimi-Gougheri,
Volume 5, Issue 9 (4-2018)
Volume 5, Issue 9 (4-2018)
Abstract
Despite the important role that rural and nomad women play in developing countries, their significant contributions are generally neglected and then they have been deprived of rural development programs. Women have always been a vulnerable group of society that are invisibly trapped in deprivation and powerlessness. Social entrepreneurship as an axis of development can be considered as an important factor to solve social problems and challenges that women are dealing with. Nomad women's micro-credit funds in rural areas are potential structures that can be used as a platform for social entrepreneurship and then to solve women's social problems. But, since the development and expansion of social entrepreneurship in any structure, especially in nomad women's micro-credit funds depends on the determination of its associated factors, thus identifying the factors that may affect social entrepreneurship is really significant. In this regard, the main aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting social entrepreneurial intention in nomad women's micro-credit funds. This study was a descriptive-correlational research that conducted through a cross-sectional survey. The statistical population was all members of the micro-credit funds in Kerman province (N= 1146) that 300 members were selected as a sample using Krejcie and Morgan sample size table and stratified random sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire which its validity confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed using a pilot test and calculating Cronbach's Alpha coefficients (0.71≤α≤0.86). Research findings showed that empathy, self-efficacy, perceived social support, moral obligation and prior experience had positive and significant impacts on social entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that independent variables could predict 43.2% of the variance changes for dependent variable. At the end, some recommendation provided in line with the results.
Mr Latif Haji, Mr Naser Valizadeh, Dr Hamid Karimi,
Volume 6, Issue 11 (9-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 11 (9-2019)
Abstract
Strengthening and paying attention to entrepreneurial spirit among the members of society are of important topics in entrepreneurship. Meeting the goals in this field requires some contextual factors that are considered as the prerequisites of ground setting for entrepreneurship. Present study aims to investigate the effects of contextual factors on the entrepreneurial spirit among members of agricultural cooperatives in Naghadeh Township. Present study is an applied research which was carried out through cross-sectional survey. Statistical population of this research was members of cooperatives (N=1170). Krejice and Morgan Table was used to determine the sample size (n=290). A stratified random sampling method was implemented to select samples. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire that its validity confirmed by a panel of experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to test the reliability of different parts of questionnaire (0.88≤α≤0.92). The results of structural equation modeling showed that economic, social, technological, and political factors have positive and significant effects on entrepreneurial spirit. So that the value of the determination coefficient (R2) could account for 0.66% of the variance of the dependent variable. According to the results, it is recommended that agricultural cooperatives be given more attention by policymakers because of their potential in entrepreneurship and improving entrepreneurial spirit.
Mohammad Amin Amirbayk, Mahmoud Ahmadpour Borazjani, Mashallah Salarpour, Hamid Karimi,
Volume 6, Issue 12 (12-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 12 (12-2019)
Abstract
CCreating full employment is one of the macroeconomic goals of politicians in all countries. Unemployment is one of the major problems facing the Iranian economy, reduction of which requires investment in various sectors of the economy and production boom. Improving the marketing situation of agricultural products can boost production, increase income and employment in agriculture. An agricultural commodity exchange boom is one way to improve the marketing position of agricultural products. The agricultural commodity exchange is an organized marketplace and a speculative example of the hypothetical of the markets. Traditional Iranian markets are not efficient for reasons not competitive, smallness, the existence of multiple marketing layers, the lack of transparency of market information and the existence of price fluctuations. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify barriers to entry of selected agricultural products in Khorasan Razavi province to the Commodity Exchange. For this purpose, the most important barriers to supplying agricultural products were first identified by the Fuzzy Delphi method and then, using the fuzzy DEMTEL technique, the effect of each indicator on the supply of goods was investigated. The statistical population of this research includes agricultural Jihad experts, university professors and brokerage experts in Khorasan Razavi province in 2018. The results indicated that the most important obstacles to the supply of agricultural products to the stock exchange were the lack of educational systems to increase the skills and knowledge of farmers with the stock exchange, the lack of integrated agricultural organizations, commodity corruption, non-uniformity of goods (non-homogeneity of products), the absence of contracts proportional to the conditions for agricultural producers and buyers, and the existence of parallel markets such as Fruit and vegetable squares. Investigation of the interactions of factors illustrates that lack of educational systems to increase the skills and knowledge of farmers and the lack of familiarity of agricultural producers with agricultural commodity stock are the most effective factor and the lack of appropriate contracts to the conditions of the producers and buyers of agricultural products, the corruption of goods, non-uniformity of goods, and the lack of coherent agricultural associations are the most influential or most perceptible factors. Finally, it is recommended to familiarize producers with the agricultural commodity exchange and to provide the necessary background for the commodity producers to supply the commodity exchange.
Dr Hamid Karimi, Mr Naser Valizadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 13 (6-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 13 (6-2020)
Abstract
Today, educating entrepreneurial students is one of the main goals of higher education systems and universities. One of the most important strategies for educating entrepreneurial students is to strengthen their self-directed learning skills. In this regard, analyzing the relationship between self-directed learning skills and entrepreneurial intention among agricultural and natural resources students of University of Zabol was determined as the main purpose of this research. This study is an applied research which was carried out using survey technique. The statistical population of the study included all students of the faculties of "agriculture, water and soil, and natural resources" at University of Zabol in academic years of 2016-17 and 2017-18. From whom, 210 students were selected as the samples. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the samples. Research tool was a questionnaire which its validity confirmed by a panel of academic experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficients demonstrated an acceptable reliability for the research tool (α=0.71-0.84). The results showed that four variables communication skills, learning strategies, evaluation skills, and learning activities had significant positive effects on the entrepreneurial intention of students. Also, independent variables were able to predict 42.1% of variance changes in entrepreneurial intention.
Dr Hamid Karimi, Dr Pouria Ataei,
Volume 7, Issue 14 (12-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 14 (12-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the entrepreneurial skills of Agricultural and Natural Resources students. The population was included 893 students of faculties of Agriculture, Water & Soil, and Natural Resources at University of Zabol and study sample was calculated 269 students using stratified random sampling. The data gathering instrument in this study was a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by experts in the field of entrepreneurship and its reliability was confirmed through a pilot testing and Ordinal Theta was between 0.81 - 0.92. The results of the current and desired situations of the entrepreneurial skills showed that the team building skill is in ranked first. However, the skill of familiarity with the legal and commercial rules was ranked lowest in both the current and desired situations. The results showed that the deepest the gap between the desired and the current situation belongs to the skills of familiarity with the legal and commercial rules, writing a business plan, and communications, respectively. It recommended that the entrepreneurial skills should be taught as a multi-step process. In such a way that each entrepreneurial skill is segmented and each section should be taught both theoretically and then practically.
Dr Sajedeh Karimi,
Volume 7, Issue 14 (12-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 14 (12-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of development and reconstruction of pigeon houses in East Isfahan on the prosperity of tourism entrepreneurship. The present study used a descriptive-analytical type. Also, this research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study, including specialists, managers, architecture and tourism experts in the east of Isfahan, was 450 people, the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 207 people, and sampling was selected using available random sampling method. . The research tool includes a researcher-made questionnaire for the development and reconstruction of pigeon houses with 17 questions, and the tourism entrepreneurship boom with 13 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was formal, which was confirmed by experts and professors, and its reliability was confirmed by 0.79 based on Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis, based on structural equation analysis, was performed in AMOS software. The results show that, in general, the development and reconstruction of pigeon houses in East Isfahan has had an impact on the prosperity of tourism entrepreneurship, and based on this location on the prosperity of tourism entrepreneurship, with an impact factor of 0.79, the most impact, and application Agriculture has the least impact on the prosperity of tourism entrepreneurship with an impact factor of 0.22. Accordingly, the location of pigeon houses, or the creation of new pigeon houses should be in an area that is accessible to tourists, and next to the main road, agricultural land, proximity to welfare services, and so on.
Milad Bakhsham, Hossein Karimi, Dr Mahdi Hosseinpour,
Volume 8, Issue 15 (7-2021)
Volume 8, Issue 15 (7-2021)
Abstract
Today, the digital revolution has affected all behaviors and lifestyles in various aspects, and this impact has attracted the attention of the general public and businesses to this issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internet of things technological applications in the development of dynamic capabilities in knowledge-based agricultural companies in Kermanshah. The present research is quantitative in terms of type and applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive-correlative. According to the report of the working group for evaluation and qualification of knowledge-based companies, the statistical population of the study includes 59 managers of knowledge-based companies in the agricultural sector of Kermanshah province that Using the counting method and distributing the questionnaire among them, 59 questionnaires were used. In the statistics section, a description of SPSS 23 software has been made in order to analyze the data in the form of structural equation model was used Smart PLS3 software. The results showed that the technological applications of the Internet of Things with a positive and significant impact on the development of perception, absorption, adaptation, innovation and networking, with the development of dynamic capabilities in knowledge-based companies in the agricultural sector of Kermanshah has a positive and significant relationship. Agricultural knowledge-based companies can use the tools and sensors related to the Internet of Things to collect the data they need, including crop conditions, weather conditions, soil quality conditions, performance and status of manpower and equipment used.
Mrs Sajedeh Karimi,
Volume 8, Issue 15 (7-2021)
Volume 8, Issue 15 (7-2021)
Abstract
It is necessary to identify and evaluate the approaches of rural tourism development product، to recognize the environmental، social and economic effects on the quality of life of rural areas، which should be considered in the process of evaluating the development approach. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of rural life quality of Natanz villagers on rural - agriculture tourism products. In terms of the method of conducting research in general، this research is a descriptive (non-experimental) research. In fact، the method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study، including the household population of the villages of Natanz city، is 5200 people. The sample size is randomly available، and according to the Cochran's formula، there are 358 people. A 54-item questionnaire was used to collect the data، the validity of which was confirmed by experts، and the confirmatory factor analysis method was used، and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. Is. Smart PLS software and structural equation analysis have been used to analyze the data. The results showed that the product of rural- agriculture tourism has affected the environmental quality، with a path coefficient of 0.29 and a value of T 59.5. The product of rural- agriculture tourism has had an impact on socio-cultural quality، with a path coefficient of 0.52 and a value of 9.28 T. Also، the product of rural tourism has an impact on economic quality with a path coefficient of 0.95 and a value of 38.19 T. Accordingly، the product of rural- agriculture tourism has had the least effect on economic quality with a path coefficient of 0.95 and more on the environmental index، with an impact factor of 0.29.
Dr Mohammad Mihammadnejad, Hossein Karimi, Dr Mahdi Hosseinpour, Milad Bakhshham, Sahar Emami Alagha,
Volume 8, Issue 16 (12-2021)
Volume 8, Issue 16 (12-2021)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: In today's world, companies are looking to make more profit by spending less. Competitive advantage is the main goal of companies. Each area is made up of different activities that have different value additions. The final value of a commodity is obtained by the activities of each part of production. To do this, you need to know the value chain of the product. The value chain represents a cycle of value-creating activities in the product production process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the value chain of honey production industries based on Porter value chain model in Kermanshah province.
Material and Methods: This research is based on the purpose of an applied research, based on data collection, a descriptive comparative causal research and in terms of approach or methodology, it is a quantitative research. The statistical population of the study was the managers and experts of Kermanshah Jihad Agricultural Department, all beekeeping companies and honey production in Kermanshah province that according to field knowledge, their number was estimated at 1900 people, of which 320 questionnaires with Likert scale were collected for data processing. For data processing, descriptive statistics techniques and Student _ t _ testing are used in SPSS version 25.
Result: Findings showed that the situation of all 7 components related to the value chain of conversion industries in Kermanshah province is not appropriate and needs serious improvement and attention. The findings also showed that the missing link in the value chain of honey production industries in Kermanshah province is related to the lack of communication between producers / collectors of products with the industrial sector of this industry, and in the second stage between the industrial sectors with the origins of commercialization of products nationally and internationally. These two missing links have made the production and development activities of honey production in this province less valuable.
Conclusion: A link between product collectors / beekeepers and the industrial sector and processors of honey production industries should be established and optimized. Then, the connection between the transcendental sector and the origins of commercialization, both nationally and internationally, should be established in order to maximize the value of the chain. This maximization of the value chain will increase the quantitative and qualitative purposefulness in the level of products and the variety of products of Kermanshah honey industry.
Introduction and Objective: In today's world, companies are looking to make more profit by spending less. Competitive advantage is the main goal of companies. Each area is made up of different activities that have different value additions. The final value of a commodity is obtained by the activities of each part of production. To do this, you need to know the value chain of the product. The value chain represents a cycle of value-creating activities in the product production process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the value chain of honey production industries based on Porter value chain model in Kermanshah province.
Material and Methods: This research is based on the purpose of an applied research, based on data collection, a descriptive comparative causal research and in terms of approach or methodology, it is a quantitative research. The statistical population of the study was the managers and experts of Kermanshah Jihad Agricultural Department, all beekeeping companies and honey production in Kermanshah province that according to field knowledge, their number was estimated at 1900 people, of which 320 questionnaires with Likert scale were collected for data processing. For data processing, descriptive statistics techniques and Student _ t _ testing are used in SPSS version 25.
Result: Findings showed that the situation of all 7 components related to the value chain of conversion industries in Kermanshah province is not appropriate and needs serious improvement and attention. The findings also showed that the missing link in the value chain of honey production industries in Kermanshah province is related to the lack of communication between producers / collectors of products with the industrial sector of this industry, and in the second stage between the industrial sectors with the origins of commercialization of products nationally and internationally. These two missing links have made the production and development activities of honey production in this province less valuable.
Conclusion: A link between product collectors / beekeepers and the industrial sector and processors of honey production industries should be established and optimized. Then, the connection between the transcendental sector and the origins of commercialization, both nationally and internationally, should be established in order to maximize the value of the chain. This maximization of the value chain will increase the quantitative and qualitative purposefulness in the level of products and the variety of products of Kermanshah honey industry.
Miss Zahra Karimi Amaleh, Dr. Mahsa Fatemi,
Volume 8, Issue 16 (12-2021)
Volume 8, Issue 16 (12-2021)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Sustainability of small and medium-sized rural businesses` activities are very vital due to the importance and effective role of SMEs as the engine of human and economic development. Rural women have direct effect on these businesses` development as half of the population of rural areas. Therefore, determinants of entrepreneurial activities development of rural women of Larestan County in Fars province were the main purpose of the study.
Material and Methods: This descriptive study was accomplished through survey technique using a questionnaire for data collection. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the professors of the Department of Agricultural Extension and Education and the reliability was approved by conducting a pilot study out of the main sample in some villages of Marvdasht County. The Cronbach`s alphas of the variables were computed between 0.74 and 0.93. The research area was Larestan county in southern Fars province, so the study population was all of the rural women who were the members of Omid Entrepreneurship Fund of Larestan County (440 individuals) and the sample was estimated 108 individuals based on Cochran formula. Final samples of 216 rural women were interviewed due to the stratified random sampling method from two groups of members (111 women) and non-members (105 women) of Omid Entrepreneurship Fund. Two separate causal models were presented for memvers and non-members.
Results: The results of path analysis indicated that entrepreneurial spirit, educational level, entrepreneurship education, skills for business plan writing, governmental supportive policies, business environment, entrepreneurial; orientation and social and organizational networking had direct effects on the entrepreneurial activities development. On the other hand, based on the causal model of non-members group, the three variables of educational level, business environment and social and organizational networking were the effective factors on entrepreneurial activities development of non-members. Indirect effects of the factors through mediator variables have also been seen in the both models.
Conclusion: Findings showed that the members of Omid Entrepreneurship Fund were better than non-members in terms of individual entrepreneurial characteristics and business`s condition. The causal model of the members is a stronger model and indicates a more diverse affecting factor in the development of rural women entrepreneurial activities compared to the other model of non-members. Some applicable recommendations were provided based on the findings in order to improve the businesses of Larestan county`s rural women. One of the most important recommendations of the study was to pay attention to various entrepreneurial educations, strengthen skills in business plan writing skill and improve the five characteristics of rural women entrepreneurial orientation. The networking of different rural women groups could also be effective on the improvement of business performence. Finally, creating a culture about the role of women in the socio-economic activities of community will also be an important factor in the women's entrepreneurial activities development.
Ssahar Ekradi, Dr Mahdi Hosseinpour, Hossein Karimi, Milad Bakhsham,
Volume 9, Issue 17 (7-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 17 (7-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Organizational performance is one of the most important structures in achieving organizational goals and also one of the most important structures discussed in managerial research and without a doubt, it is the most important criterion for measuring the success of commercial companies. the existing competitive environment is more competitive than in the past. in such situations, agricultural organizations have to look for new ways to improve performance. in this regard, one of the most appropriate strategies is to focus on choosing the right organizational strategy and organizational knowledge and its proper management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of knowledge management on organizational performance with regard to the mediating role of differentiation strategy in agricultural companies located in Kermanshah Science and Technology Park.
Material and Methods: This research is based on the purpose of an applied research, based on data collection, descriptive comparative causal research and in terms of approach or methodology, it is quantitative research. The statistical population of the study was the employees of agricultural companies located in Kermanshah Science and Technology Park, which amounted to 95 people and the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 77 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and was scored based on the Likert scale. Descriptive statistics techniques in SPSS software and structural equation analysis in Amos software were used to process the data.
Result: The results showed that knowledge management affects organizational performance both directly and indirectly through the mediating variable of differentiation strategy. Knowledge management is one of the important factors affecting organizational performance that the mediating role of differentiation strategy in this regard was also confirmed.
Conclusion: Agricultural organizations if they want to maintain their position and act in a way that leads to survival, development and success, it is necessary to review its performance and select the appropriate organizational strategy and organizational knowledge and manage it properly. an organization that cannot choose the right competitive strategy and develop its skills, knowledge and knowledge and use it to increase productivity, will not be able to develop any of its resources optimally.
Farajollah Fathollahpour Kami, Foad Eshghi , Soleyman Karimi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (12-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 2 (12-2023)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Background: Economic growth, while not the sole criterion for economic development, has consistently been regarded as a critical indicator of progress. Its significance often surpasses that of other development indicators. One of the primary manifestations of economic growth is the increase in production levels. In today’s world, productivity is recognized as a key factor influencing the economic conditions of nations. Enhancing productivity not only contributes to an increase in gross domestic product (GDP) but also bolsters the competitiveness of countries, ultimately leading to improved public welfare. This study aims to examine the effectiveness and ranking of productivity barriers within the agricultural and industrial sub-sectors in Mazandaran Province. Understanding the dynamics of productivity is essential for fostering economic development, particularly in regions like Mazandaran, where agriculture plays a vital role. The agricultural sector not only provides food security but also supports livelihoods and contributes to the overall economy. Similarly, the industrial sub-sector is crucial for economic diversification and job creation. Therefore, identifying and addressing the barriers to productivity in these sectors is imperative for enhancing economic performance and ensuring sustainable development.
Methods: To investigate the obstacles and challenges affecting productivity in Mazandaran Province, a survey was conducted during the summer of 2022, resulting in the completion of 65 questionnaires by experts and senior managers from various executive bodies in the province. The questionnaires were designed to gather insights on the perceived barriers to productivity within the agricultural and industrial sectors. To analyze the data and estimate the results, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed, utilizing Expert Choice software. This method allowed for the systematic ranking of various productivity barriers based on expert opinions. Furthermore, to examine the interrelationships among the relevant criteria and sub-criteria, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied using Smart PLS software. This dual approach enabled a comprehensive understanding of how different barriers interact and influence each other, providing valuable insights into the complex landscape of productivity challenges.
Results: The analysis yielded normalized weights for the identified criteria, specifically environmental barriers, organizational barriers, and individual barriers. The weights were calculated as follows: environmental barriers received a weight of 1.00, organizational barriers were assigned a weight of 0.966, and individual barriers were given a weight of 0.983. These results indicate that environmental barriers are perceived as the most significant obstacles to productivity, while organizational barriers were viewed as the least impactful. Additionally, factor analysis revealed meaningful relationships among the barriers. Specifically, the hypothesis that environmental barriers influence individual barriers was supported, as was the hypothesis that organizational barriers affect environmental barriers. This suggests a complex interplay between different types of barriers, indicating that addressing one category may have cascading effects on others. The findings from the Analytic Hierarchy Process highlighted specific sub-criteria that emerged as particularly impactful. Among the individual barriers, the low leadership skills of managers were identified as a critical issue. This underscores the importance of effective leadership in driving productivity improvements. In terms of organizational barriers, the lack of a robust performance evaluation system was noted as a significant challenge. Such a system is essential for assessing productivity levels and identifying areas for improvement. Lastly, from the perspective of environmental barriers, the presence of incomplete performance information was highlighted as a major obstacle. Access to accurate and comprehensive data is crucial for informed decision-making and strategic planning.
Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the multifaceted nature of productivity barriers in Mazandaran Province. The Analytic Hierarchy Process indicated that low leadership skills among managers, the absence of an effective performance evaluation system, and incomplete performance information are the most pressing issues affecting productivity. These findings suggest that targeted interventions are necessary to enhance leadership capabilities, establish comprehensive performance evaluation frameworks, and improve access to performance data. Overall, the study reveals that environmental barriers hold the highest importance according to the perspectives of high-ranking officials in organizations across Mazandaran Province. Furthermore, the results of the Structural Equation Modeling analysis reinforce the notion that environmental barriers significantly influence individual barriers, while organizational barriers also play a role in shaping environmental challenges. Addressing these barriers is essential for promoting productivity and, by extension, economic growth in both the agricultural and industrial sectors. Policymakers and stakeholders should prioritize initiatives that enhance leadership training, develop robust performance evaluation systems, and ensure the availability of accurate performance information. By doing so, Mazandaran Province can improve its productivity levels, thereby contributing to broader economic development goals and enhancing the welfare of its citizens. In conclusion, the findings of this research provide a valuable foundation for future studies aimed at exploring productivity challenges in other regions and sectors. Understanding the intricate relationships between various barriers will be crucial for developing effective strategies to foster productivity and drive economic development in a sustainable manner.
Methods: To investigate the obstacles and challenges affecting productivity in Mazandaran Province, a survey was conducted during the summer of 2022, resulting in the completion of 65 questionnaires by experts and senior managers from various executive bodies in the province. The questionnaires were designed to gather insights on the perceived barriers to productivity within the agricultural and industrial sectors. To analyze the data and estimate the results, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed, utilizing Expert Choice software. This method allowed for the systematic ranking of various productivity barriers based on expert opinions. Furthermore, to examine the interrelationships among the relevant criteria and sub-criteria, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied using Smart PLS software. This dual approach enabled a comprehensive understanding of how different barriers interact and influence each other, providing valuable insights into the complex landscape of productivity challenges.
Results: The analysis yielded normalized weights for the identified criteria, specifically environmental barriers, organizational barriers, and individual barriers. The weights were calculated as follows: environmental barriers received a weight of 1.00, organizational barriers were assigned a weight of 0.966, and individual barriers were given a weight of 0.983. These results indicate that environmental barriers are perceived as the most significant obstacles to productivity, while organizational barriers were viewed as the least impactful. Additionally, factor analysis revealed meaningful relationships among the barriers. Specifically, the hypothesis that environmental barriers influence individual barriers was supported, as was the hypothesis that organizational barriers affect environmental barriers. This suggests a complex interplay between different types of barriers, indicating that addressing one category may have cascading effects on others. The findings from the Analytic Hierarchy Process highlighted specific sub-criteria that emerged as particularly impactful. Among the individual barriers, the low leadership skills of managers were identified as a critical issue. This underscores the importance of effective leadership in driving productivity improvements. In terms of organizational barriers, the lack of a robust performance evaluation system was noted as a significant challenge. Such a system is essential for assessing productivity levels and identifying areas for improvement. Lastly, from the perspective of environmental barriers, the presence of incomplete performance information was highlighted as a major obstacle. Access to accurate and comprehensive data is crucial for informed decision-making and strategic planning.
Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the multifaceted nature of productivity barriers in Mazandaran Province. The Analytic Hierarchy Process indicated that low leadership skills among managers, the absence of an effective performance evaluation system, and incomplete performance information are the most pressing issues affecting productivity. These findings suggest that targeted interventions are necessary to enhance leadership capabilities, establish comprehensive performance evaluation frameworks, and improve access to performance data. Overall, the study reveals that environmental barriers hold the highest importance according to the perspectives of high-ranking officials in organizations across Mazandaran Province. Furthermore, the results of the Structural Equation Modeling analysis reinforce the notion that environmental barriers significantly influence individual barriers, while organizational barriers also play a role in shaping environmental challenges. Addressing these barriers is essential for promoting productivity and, by extension, economic growth in both the agricultural and industrial sectors. Policymakers and stakeholders should prioritize initiatives that enhance leadership training, develop robust performance evaluation systems, and ensure the availability of accurate performance information. By doing so, Mazandaran Province can improve its productivity levels, thereby contributing to broader economic development goals and enhancing the welfare of its citizens. In conclusion, the findings of this research provide a valuable foundation for future studies aimed at exploring productivity challenges in other regions and sectors. Understanding the intricate relationships between various barriers will be crucial for developing effective strategies to foster productivity and drive economic development in a sustainable manner.
Miss Saba Ahmadi, Saeed Karimi, Maryam Mahmodi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2024)
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2024)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Background: In recent years, rural development has been raised as a vital area for policymakers and development organizations in different countries and nations. Some researchers believe that overcoming the inevitable rural decline and reversing the rural recession requires the direction of investment and the reform of support policies, and one of these solutions can be the development of tourism in these areas. Rural tourism activities, along with all agricultural and non-agricultural factors to promote the development of these areas, provide an opportunity for rural communities to showcase their traditions, handicrafts, local foods, and unique natural beauty, and as a result, economic development by preserving cultural and environmental assets. The government budget is often limited, especially in developing countries like Iran; therefore, encouraging the private sector to participate in the financing of businesses in rural tourism can be more effective and efficient for the survival of these businesses. Considering the importance of the participation of business angels in the development of tourism activities and the effective support of the rural tourism industry, we need to scientifically identify the factors affecting the supply of tourism and provide the necessary capital for the development and prosperity of this industry. Therefore, this research mainly aims to develop a model to identify factors affecting the participation of business angels in rural tourism development projects.
Methods: In this research, the data obtained from the exploratory interviews were analyzed using the principles of the grounded theory approach. In this research, the approach of Strauss and Corbin was used in the grounded theory approach. The current qualitative research in terms of the approach is an applied type of study according to its purpose. The studied community consisted of investors in the fields of information technology, medicinal plants, founders of ecotourism residences, and all experts in the research (including universities) and executive (including the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism and the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture) levels of the country. Rural tourism, entrepreneurship, and sustainable rural development had scientific and practical expertise that were selected theoretically. The reliability of the collected data was determined through continuous reviews of the data, analysis of the data at the same time as their collection, re-coding of the collected data by two other researchers participating in the qualitative research, and continuous engagement of the researcher with the data. To increase the reliability of the data, the interviewees were selected from different stakeholders with different views and interests. The use of supplementary sources was another method for increasing reliability, which added to the richness of the data and increased their reliability by referring to scientific sources about the research topic. The concepts were also discussed with the interviewees, the correctness of the perceptions was inspected, and the categories and sub-categories were confirmed through the participation of the interviewees. In this research, interviews were conducted with 17 people between September and November, and no new data were obtained from the 14th interview onwards, as it reached the level of theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed using the process of open coding, central coding, and selective coding.
Results: The collected data were analyzed through coding, and the 13 categories obtained were placed in six categories, namely causal factors, context, phenomenon or central category, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences, followed by designing the model. The findings of the paradigm model showed these variables: appropriate teaming, training, legal and technological factors as strategies, individual factors such as interest in the subject and knowledge of the subject, and the project type factor as causal factors, resources, infrastructure, security, economic factors, and facilities as contextual factors, and political factors as intervening factors. Cultural and social factors are considered the consequences of the participation of business angels in rural tourism projects.
Conclusion: Cultural factors and cultures that prioritize entrepreneurship, risk-taking, and innovation may create a favorable environment for angel investors to participate in rural tourism projects. Economic factors and a strong and growing economy with purchasing power can attract angel investment by creating demand for tourism services. In terms of political stability, a supportive political environment with favorable policies, tax benefits, and efficient regulations can encourage angel investors to participate in rural tourism projects. Strong legal frameworks and a transparent legal system encourage investors' confidence and participation in tourism projects. The type and quality of business plans for rural tourism projects can affect the participation of business angels. Introducing laws and policies that facilitate the investment of business angels in rural tourism provides a favorable regulatory environment. Transparent procedures for obtaining permits and acquiring land can increase investor confidence. The level of security and safety measures and creating a safe environment with adequate measures to protect tourists and investments are very important to attract angel investors. Social factors, such as community support, cultural heritage, and social acceptance of tourism development, can shape the participation of business angels in rural tourism. Integrating technology into rural tourism and facilitating access to affordable technological infrastructure, such as Internet connectivity, can empower rural entrepreneurs and enable them to use digital tools effectively. Individual factors, such as risk tolerance, expertise, and financial ability of angel investors, can affect their participation in rural tourism. It is very important to address cultural, economic, political, resources, legal, planning, technology, security, infrastructure, team building, facilities, social, and individual factors to strengthen the participation of business angels in the development of rural tourism in Iran.
Background: In recent years, rural development has been raised as a vital area for policymakers and development organizations in different countries and nations. Some researchers believe that overcoming the inevitable rural decline and reversing the rural recession requires the direction of investment and the reform of support policies, and one of these solutions can be the development of tourism in these areas. Rural tourism activities, along with all agricultural and non-agricultural factors to promote the development of these areas, provide an opportunity for rural communities to showcase their traditions, handicrafts, local foods, and unique natural beauty, and as a result, economic development by preserving cultural and environmental assets. The government budget is often limited, especially in developing countries like Iran; therefore, encouraging the private sector to participate in the financing of businesses in rural tourism can be more effective and efficient for the survival of these businesses. Considering the importance of the participation of business angels in the development of tourism activities and the effective support of the rural tourism industry, we need to scientifically identify the factors affecting the supply of tourism and provide the necessary capital for the development and prosperity of this industry. Therefore, this research mainly aims to develop a model to identify factors affecting the participation of business angels in rural tourism development projects.
Methods: In this research, the data obtained from the exploratory interviews were analyzed using the principles of the grounded theory approach. In this research, the approach of Strauss and Corbin was used in the grounded theory approach. The current qualitative research in terms of the approach is an applied type of study according to its purpose. The studied community consisted of investors in the fields of information technology, medicinal plants, founders of ecotourism residences, and all experts in the research (including universities) and executive (including the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism and the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture) levels of the country. Rural tourism, entrepreneurship, and sustainable rural development had scientific and practical expertise that were selected theoretically. The reliability of the collected data was determined through continuous reviews of the data, analysis of the data at the same time as their collection, re-coding of the collected data by two other researchers participating in the qualitative research, and continuous engagement of the researcher with the data. To increase the reliability of the data, the interviewees were selected from different stakeholders with different views and interests. The use of supplementary sources was another method for increasing reliability, which added to the richness of the data and increased their reliability by referring to scientific sources about the research topic. The concepts were also discussed with the interviewees, the correctness of the perceptions was inspected, and the categories and sub-categories were confirmed through the participation of the interviewees. In this research, interviews were conducted with 17 people between September and November, and no new data were obtained from the 14th interview onwards, as it reached the level of theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed using the process of open coding, central coding, and selective coding.
Results: The collected data were analyzed through coding, and the 13 categories obtained were placed in six categories, namely causal factors, context, phenomenon or central category, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences, followed by designing the model. The findings of the paradigm model showed these variables: appropriate teaming, training, legal and technological factors as strategies, individual factors such as interest in the subject and knowledge of the subject, and the project type factor as causal factors, resources, infrastructure, security, economic factors, and facilities as contextual factors, and political factors as intervening factors. Cultural and social factors are considered the consequences of the participation of business angels in rural tourism projects.
Conclusion: Cultural factors and cultures that prioritize entrepreneurship, risk-taking, and innovation may create a favorable environment for angel investors to participate in rural tourism projects. Economic factors and a strong and growing economy with purchasing power can attract angel investment by creating demand for tourism services. In terms of political stability, a supportive political environment with favorable policies, tax benefits, and efficient regulations can encourage angel investors to participate in rural tourism projects. Strong legal frameworks and a transparent legal system encourage investors' confidence and participation in tourism projects. The type and quality of business plans for rural tourism projects can affect the participation of business angels. Introducing laws and policies that facilitate the investment of business angels in rural tourism provides a favorable regulatory environment. Transparent procedures for obtaining permits and acquiring land can increase investor confidence. The level of security and safety measures and creating a safe environment with adequate measures to protect tourists and investments are very important to attract angel investors. Social factors, such as community support, cultural heritage, and social acceptance of tourism development, can shape the participation of business angels in rural tourism. Integrating technology into rural tourism and facilitating access to affordable technological infrastructure, such as Internet connectivity, can empower rural entrepreneurs and enable them to use digital tools effectively. Individual factors, such as risk tolerance, expertise, and financial ability of angel investors, can affect their participation in rural tourism. It is very important to address cultural, economic, political, resources, legal, planning, technology, security, infrastructure, team building, facilities, social, and individual factors to strengthen the participation of business angels in the development of rural tourism in Iran.
Saeid Karimi, Yasaman Asgharzadeh,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Background: Due to government support for ecolodges, particularly in rural areas, and the growing demand for such accommodations, the number of ecolodges has increased significantly in recent years. Despite the variety and rising numbers of ecolodges, there is still limited information about why customers choose this new type of accommodation. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to develop a conceptual framework for investigating factors influencing guests' intention to revisit ecolodges. To achieve this, the present study proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), incorporating the construct of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) to examine tourists’ intentions to revisit ecolodges—a relatively underexplored area in the tourism and ecotourism literature. The framework was designed to identify the roles of beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and the influence of eWOM on tourists' decision-making. The findings of this research can help ecolodge operators and policymakers adopt effective marketing strategies and enhance customer experience management, facilitating the attraction and retention of tourists. Moreover, a deeper understanding of factors affecting revisit intentions can contribute to sustainable rural tourism development and foster cultural and economic connections between local communities and tourists.
Methods: This quantitative research was applied in nature and a descriptive-survey study in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of tourists who stayed at ecolodges located in various regions of Gilan Province. This population was defined solely based on their stay at rural ecolodges in Gilan Province without other specific criteria. Ten out of 30 contacted ecolodges ultimately agreed to participate in the study. These participating ecolodges were widely distributed across the province. A non-probability convenience sampling method was employed, which is commonly used in studies on tourist behavior, especially when the overall population is large and independent random sampling representative of the entire population is impractical. In total, 280 questionnaires were distributed among guests of ecolodges in April and May 2023, 250 of which were completed and returned by the guests (response rate: 89%). After excluding incomplete and invalid questionnaires, 230 responses were used for the final analysis. The research questionnaire consisted of two sections: one measured the study constructs, and the other collected demographic characteristics of the respondents. All measurement scales were adapted from the literature and assessed using a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). To test the content validity of the questionnaire, three faculty members from the Department of Agricultural Extension and Education at Bu-Ali Sina University, specializing in entrepreneurship and tourism, were consulted to review the items. Some items were revised based on their feedback. Before distributing the final questionnaire, a pilot test was conducted by distributing 20 questionnaires to guests at one of the ecolodges in Gilan Province (outside the study sample) to ensure the clarity and comprehensibility of the items, assess the reliability and face validity of the variables, and refine the questionnaire. A final questionnaire was prepared following minor adjustments.
Results: Structural equation modeling results revealed a significant and positive relationship between attitude and perceived behavioral control with guests’ intention to revisit. However, the relationship between subjective norms and revisit intention was not significant at the 5% level. Additionally, eWOM had a significant positive relationship with attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. However, the direct relationship between eWOM and revisit intention was not significant, which did not support the fourth hypothesis. Overall, the four independent variables explained 52% of the variance in revisit intention. Findings showed that eWOM indirectly influenced revisit intention through attitude and perceived behavioral control. The mediation effect was fully established given the non-significant direct effect of eWOM on revisit intention.
Conclusion: The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the factors influencing tourists' intention to revisit ecolodges. The results confirm the applicability of the TPB in predicting revisit intention, with attitude and perceived behavioral control emerging as significant predictors. The study highlighted the indirect effect of eWOM on revisit intention through attitude and perceived behavioral control. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing attitudes and perceived behavioral control among ecolodge guests and leveraging the power of eWOM to influence these factors. Ecolodge managers should focus on delivering exceptional experiences that foster positive attitudes and enhance guests' sense of control over their stay. Furthermore, they should actively manage their online presence and encourage positive eWOM through excellent service delivery and guest engagement on social media platforms. Overall, this research contributes to understanding tourist behavior in the context of ecolodges and provides practical implications for ecolodge managers seeking to enhance guest loyalty and revisit rates. Future research can leverage other psychological theories to explore social, cognitive, cultural, and demographic factors. Variables such as past experience, customer satisfaction, perceived value, trust, perceived ease of use, gender, age, education level, and income can be considered to develop a more comprehensive model.
Background: Due to government support for ecolodges, particularly in rural areas, and the growing demand for such accommodations, the number of ecolodges has increased significantly in recent years. Despite the variety and rising numbers of ecolodges, there is still limited information about why customers choose this new type of accommodation. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to develop a conceptual framework for investigating factors influencing guests' intention to revisit ecolodges. To achieve this, the present study proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), incorporating the construct of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) to examine tourists’ intentions to revisit ecolodges—a relatively underexplored area in the tourism and ecotourism literature. The framework was designed to identify the roles of beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and the influence of eWOM on tourists' decision-making. The findings of this research can help ecolodge operators and policymakers adopt effective marketing strategies and enhance customer experience management, facilitating the attraction and retention of tourists. Moreover, a deeper understanding of factors affecting revisit intentions can contribute to sustainable rural tourism development and foster cultural and economic connections between local communities and tourists.
Methods: This quantitative research was applied in nature and a descriptive-survey study in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of tourists who stayed at ecolodges located in various regions of Gilan Province. This population was defined solely based on their stay at rural ecolodges in Gilan Province without other specific criteria. Ten out of 30 contacted ecolodges ultimately agreed to participate in the study. These participating ecolodges were widely distributed across the province. A non-probability convenience sampling method was employed, which is commonly used in studies on tourist behavior, especially when the overall population is large and independent random sampling representative of the entire population is impractical. In total, 280 questionnaires were distributed among guests of ecolodges in April and May 2023, 250 of which were completed and returned by the guests (response rate: 89%). After excluding incomplete and invalid questionnaires, 230 responses were used for the final analysis. The research questionnaire consisted of two sections: one measured the study constructs, and the other collected demographic characteristics of the respondents. All measurement scales were adapted from the literature and assessed using a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). To test the content validity of the questionnaire, three faculty members from the Department of Agricultural Extension and Education at Bu-Ali Sina University, specializing in entrepreneurship and tourism, were consulted to review the items. Some items were revised based on their feedback. Before distributing the final questionnaire, a pilot test was conducted by distributing 20 questionnaires to guests at one of the ecolodges in Gilan Province (outside the study sample) to ensure the clarity and comprehensibility of the items, assess the reliability and face validity of the variables, and refine the questionnaire. A final questionnaire was prepared following minor adjustments.
Results: Structural equation modeling results revealed a significant and positive relationship between attitude and perceived behavioral control with guests’ intention to revisit. However, the relationship between subjective norms and revisit intention was not significant at the 5% level. Additionally, eWOM had a significant positive relationship with attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. However, the direct relationship between eWOM and revisit intention was not significant, which did not support the fourth hypothesis. Overall, the four independent variables explained 52% of the variance in revisit intention. Findings showed that eWOM indirectly influenced revisit intention through attitude and perceived behavioral control. The mediation effect was fully established given the non-significant direct effect of eWOM on revisit intention.
Conclusion: The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the factors influencing tourists' intention to revisit ecolodges. The results confirm the applicability of the TPB in predicting revisit intention, with attitude and perceived behavioral control emerging as significant predictors. The study highlighted the indirect effect of eWOM on revisit intention through attitude and perceived behavioral control. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing attitudes and perceived behavioral control among ecolodge guests and leveraging the power of eWOM to influence these factors. Ecolodge managers should focus on delivering exceptional experiences that foster positive attitudes and enhance guests' sense of control over their stay. Furthermore, they should actively manage their online presence and encourage positive eWOM through excellent service delivery and guest engagement on social media platforms. Overall, this research contributes to understanding tourist behavior in the context of ecolodges and provides practical implications for ecolodge managers seeking to enhance guest loyalty and revisit rates. Future research can leverage other psychological theories to explore social, cognitive, cultural, and demographic factors. Variables such as past experience, customer satisfaction, perceived value, trust, perceived ease of use, gender, age, education level, and income can be considered to develop a more comprehensive model.
| Page 1 from 1 |
Related Websites
Site Keywords
Entrepreneurship, Agriculture, Strategies
© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Entreneurship and Agriculture
Designed & Developed by: Yektaweb