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Showing 3 results for Grounded Theory
Ladan Razikordmahaleh, Maryam Larijani,
Volume 5, Issue 9 (4-2018)
Volume 5, Issue 9 (4-2018)
Abstract
Identifying and developing green jobs in the agricultural and rangeland areas can revitalize the rural economy and the environment. Green jobs are considered by policy makers as the main solution to the global crisis in the current economy and environment, and the move towards a more sustainable economy and a society that maintains the environment of current and future generations. The present article aims to identify the intermediate factors and dimensions of green jobs through an interpretative and multifactorial approach. The method of this article is a qualitative and quantitative in the framework of Grounded Theory. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the matter, a semi-structured interview, in 2017, with 50 experts on environmental experts at the department of environmental protection, municipality, faculty members of the universities, the natural resources and watersheds organization, the Agricultural Jihad and NGOs, the issue of values and actions has served as the main research tool. The samples were selected through purposive sampling and snowball method, and interviews were conducted to the point of theoretical saturation. Findings of data analysis in this three steps show that factors such as the synergy of the Economic, social and environmental dimensions can create green job. The green jobs is influenced by underlying and structural factors.
Ali Fallah Doust Kachlami, Seyyed Abbas Ebrahimi, Fatemeh Nikfar,
Volume 9, Issue 18 (12-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 18 (12-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: The purpose of this article is to identify, categorize and model the factors affecting the marketing and development of Guilan rice acceptance. Rice is known as a strategic product in Guilan province, but its weak marketability has led to a decline in the agricultural economy of this product. It is thought that the findings of this study can be useful in better policy and management of this issue.
Material and Methods: Due to the scope of the problem and the hiding of many influential variables in this research, we used grounded theory method as one of the qualitative research methods. For this reason, according to purposive sampling, we interviewed experts to achieve theoretical adequacy. to obtain the validity and reliability of the data, we used two methods. non-participant experts’ reviews and participant’ reviews.
Results: A total of 395 initial codes were identified from 26 interviews after initial coding. After eliminating the iterations, 318 concepts and 61 main categories were structured based on strauss and corbin paradigm model. Finally, the categories were screened and the final 30 categories were identified consist of causal, contextual and intervening condition, strategies and results with the focus on the core category. In addition to the paradigm model, research-based suggestion were presented, which briefly include: developing rice alterant and processing industries, determination of guaranteed prices by the government for the purchase of rice from the farmer, sensitivity to customer needs, using e-marketing, developing agricultural marketing training programs, provide low interest loans, development of agricultural insurances for risk management, creation of a secondary source of income for farmers in unemployment seasons, timely supply and management of the product to the market, subsidies to domestic farmer to increase their incomes and reduce migration to cities, importing whole grain rice instead of white rice, allocating special funds for basic research, creating a strong organization with the aim of managing rice market and marketing services, holding farmers' meetings with relevant marketers, factory owners and managers, benefiting from food distribution marketers in other provinces, joint promotions of manufacturers and marketers, providing conditions for export.
Conclusion: The presented paradigm model is the result of interviews with groups that are tangibly related to rice crop from different views: Managers and policy makers, experts, farmer, factory owner, sellers of agricultural implements, non-farmer marketers (sellers), farmer marketers. The presence of these diverse groups shows the comprehensiveness of this research. The paradigm model obtained from the research along with the suggestions can be considered as a reliable basis for managing the pre-production, production and post-production of this strategic product and even other agricultural products and be effective in developing the market acceptance of this product.
Introduction and Objective: The purpose of this article is to identify, categorize and model the factors affecting the marketing and development of Guilan rice acceptance. Rice is known as a strategic product in Guilan province, but its weak marketability has led to a decline in the agricultural economy of this product. It is thought that the findings of this study can be useful in better policy and management of this issue.
Material and Methods: Due to the scope of the problem and the hiding of many influential variables in this research, we used grounded theory method as one of the qualitative research methods. For this reason, according to purposive sampling, we interviewed experts to achieve theoretical adequacy. to obtain the validity and reliability of the data, we used two methods. non-participant experts’ reviews and participant’ reviews.
Results: A total of 395 initial codes were identified from 26 interviews after initial coding. After eliminating the iterations, 318 concepts and 61 main categories were structured based on strauss and corbin paradigm model. Finally, the categories were screened and the final 30 categories were identified consist of causal, contextual and intervening condition, strategies and results with the focus on the core category. In addition to the paradigm model, research-based suggestion were presented, which briefly include: developing rice alterant and processing industries, determination of guaranteed prices by the government for the purchase of rice from the farmer, sensitivity to customer needs, using e-marketing, developing agricultural marketing training programs, provide low interest loans, development of agricultural insurances for risk management, creation of a secondary source of income for farmers in unemployment seasons, timely supply and management of the product to the market, subsidies to domestic farmer to increase their incomes and reduce migration to cities, importing whole grain rice instead of white rice, allocating special funds for basic research, creating a strong organization with the aim of managing rice market and marketing services, holding farmers' meetings with relevant marketers, factory owners and managers, benefiting from food distribution marketers in other provinces, joint promotions of manufacturers and marketers, providing conditions for export.
Conclusion: The presented paradigm model is the result of interviews with groups that are tangibly related to rice crop from different views: Managers and policy makers, experts, farmer, factory owner, sellers of agricultural implements, non-farmer marketers (sellers), farmer marketers. The presence of these diverse groups shows the comprehensiveness of this research. The paradigm model obtained from the research along with the suggestions can be considered as a reliable basis for managing the pre-production, production and post-production of this strategic product and even other agricultural products and be effective in developing the market acceptance of this product.
Miss Saba Ahmadi, Saeed Karimi, Maryam Mahmodi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2024)
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2024)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Background: In recent years, rural development has been raised as a vital area for policymakers and development organizations in different countries and nations. Some researchers believe that overcoming the inevitable rural decline and reversing the rural recession requires the direction of investment and the reform of support policies, and one of these solutions can be the development of tourism in these areas. Rural tourism activities, along with all agricultural and non-agricultural factors to promote the development of these areas, provide an opportunity for rural communities to showcase their traditions, handicrafts, local foods, and unique natural beauty, and as a result, economic development by preserving cultural and environmental assets. The government budget is often limited, especially in developing countries like Iran; therefore, encouraging the private sector to participate in the financing of businesses in rural tourism can be more effective and efficient for the survival of these businesses. Considering the importance of the participation of business angels in the development of tourism activities and the effective support of the rural tourism industry, we need to scientifically identify the factors affecting the supply of tourism and provide the necessary capital for the development and prosperity of this industry. Therefore, this research mainly aims to develop a model to identify factors affecting the participation of business angels in rural tourism development projects.
Methods: In this research, the data obtained from the exploratory interviews were analyzed using the principles of the grounded theory approach. In this research, the approach of Strauss and Corbin was used in the grounded theory approach. The current qualitative research in terms of the approach is an applied type of study according to its purpose. The studied community consisted of investors in the fields of information technology, medicinal plants, founders of ecotourism residences, and all experts in the research (including universities) and executive (including the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism and the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture) levels of the country. Rural tourism, entrepreneurship, and sustainable rural development had scientific and practical expertise that were selected theoretically. The reliability of the collected data was determined through continuous reviews of the data, analysis of the data at the same time as their collection, re-coding of the collected data by two other researchers participating in the qualitative research, and continuous engagement of the researcher with the data. To increase the reliability of the data, the interviewees were selected from different stakeholders with different views and interests. The use of supplementary sources was another method for increasing reliability, which added to the richness of the data and increased their reliability by referring to scientific sources about the research topic. The concepts were also discussed with the interviewees, the correctness of the perceptions was inspected, and the categories and sub-categories were confirmed through the participation of the interviewees. In this research, interviews were conducted with 17 people between September and November, and no new data were obtained from the 14th interview onwards, as it reached the level of theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed using the process of open coding, central coding, and selective coding.
Results: The collected data were analyzed through coding, and the 13 categories obtained were placed in six categories, namely causal factors, context, phenomenon or central category, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences, followed by designing the model. The findings of the paradigm model showed these variables: appropriate teaming, training, legal and technological factors as strategies, individual factors such as interest in the subject and knowledge of the subject, and the project type factor as causal factors, resources, infrastructure, security, economic factors, and facilities as contextual factors, and political factors as intervening factors. Cultural and social factors are considered the consequences of the participation of business angels in rural tourism projects.
Conclusion: Cultural factors and cultures that prioritize entrepreneurship, risk-taking, and innovation may create a favorable environment for angel investors to participate in rural tourism projects. Economic factors and a strong and growing economy with purchasing power can attract angel investment by creating demand for tourism services. In terms of political stability, a supportive political environment with favorable policies, tax benefits, and efficient regulations can encourage angel investors to participate in rural tourism projects. Strong legal frameworks and a transparent legal system encourage investors' confidence and participation in tourism projects. The type and quality of business plans for rural tourism projects can affect the participation of business angels. Introducing laws and policies that facilitate the investment of business angels in rural tourism provides a favorable regulatory environment. Transparent procedures for obtaining permits and acquiring land can increase investor confidence. The level of security and safety measures and creating a safe environment with adequate measures to protect tourists and investments are very important to attract angel investors. Social factors, such as community support, cultural heritage, and social acceptance of tourism development, can shape the participation of business angels in rural tourism. Integrating technology into rural tourism and facilitating access to affordable technological infrastructure, such as Internet connectivity, can empower rural entrepreneurs and enable them to use digital tools effectively. Individual factors, such as risk tolerance, expertise, and financial ability of angel investors, can affect their participation in rural tourism. It is very important to address cultural, economic, political, resources, legal, planning, technology, security, infrastructure, team building, facilities, social, and individual factors to strengthen the participation of business angels in the development of rural tourism in Iran.
Background: In recent years, rural development has been raised as a vital area for policymakers and development organizations in different countries and nations. Some researchers believe that overcoming the inevitable rural decline and reversing the rural recession requires the direction of investment and the reform of support policies, and one of these solutions can be the development of tourism in these areas. Rural tourism activities, along with all agricultural and non-agricultural factors to promote the development of these areas, provide an opportunity for rural communities to showcase their traditions, handicrafts, local foods, and unique natural beauty, and as a result, economic development by preserving cultural and environmental assets. The government budget is often limited, especially in developing countries like Iran; therefore, encouraging the private sector to participate in the financing of businesses in rural tourism can be more effective and efficient for the survival of these businesses. Considering the importance of the participation of business angels in the development of tourism activities and the effective support of the rural tourism industry, we need to scientifically identify the factors affecting the supply of tourism and provide the necessary capital for the development and prosperity of this industry. Therefore, this research mainly aims to develop a model to identify factors affecting the participation of business angels in rural tourism development projects.
Methods: In this research, the data obtained from the exploratory interviews were analyzed using the principles of the grounded theory approach. In this research, the approach of Strauss and Corbin was used in the grounded theory approach. The current qualitative research in terms of the approach is an applied type of study according to its purpose. The studied community consisted of investors in the fields of information technology, medicinal plants, founders of ecotourism residences, and all experts in the research (including universities) and executive (including the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism and the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture) levels of the country. Rural tourism, entrepreneurship, and sustainable rural development had scientific and practical expertise that were selected theoretically. The reliability of the collected data was determined through continuous reviews of the data, analysis of the data at the same time as their collection, re-coding of the collected data by two other researchers participating in the qualitative research, and continuous engagement of the researcher with the data. To increase the reliability of the data, the interviewees were selected from different stakeholders with different views and interests. The use of supplementary sources was another method for increasing reliability, which added to the richness of the data and increased their reliability by referring to scientific sources about the research topic. The concepts were also discussed with the interviewees, the correctness of the perceptions was inspected, and the categories and sub-categories were confirmed through the participation of the interviewees. In this research, interviews were conducted with 17 people between September and November, and no new data were obtained from the 14th interview onwards, as it reached the level of theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed using the process of open coding, central coding, and selective coding.
Results: The collected data were analyzed through coding, and the 13 categories obtained were placed in six categories, namely causal factors, context, phenomenon or central category, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences, followed by designing the model. The findings of the paradigm model showed these variables: appropriate teaming, training, legal and technological factors as strategies, individual factors such as interest in the subject and knowledge of the subject, and the project type factor as causal factors, resources, infrastructure, security, economic factors, and facilities as contextual factors, and political factors as intervening factors. Cultural and social factors are considered the consequences of the participation of business angels in rural tourism projects.
Conclusion: Cultural factors and cultures that prioritize entrepreneurship, risk-taking, and innovation may create a favorable environment for angel investors to participate in rural tourism projects. Economic factors and a strong and growing economy with purchasing power can attract angel investment by creating demand for tourism services. In terms of political stability, a supportive political environment with favorable policies, tax benefits, and efficient regulations can encourage angel investors to participate in rural tourism projects. Strong legal frameworks and a transparent legal system encourage investors' confidence and participation in tourism projects. The type and quality of business plans for rural tourism projects can affect the participation of business angels. Introducing laws and policies that facilitate the investment of business angels in rural tourism provides a favorable regulatory environment. Transparent procedures for obtaining permits and acquiring land can increase investor confidence. The level of security and safety measures and creating a safe environment with adequate measures to protect tourists and investments are very important to attract angel investors. Social factors, such as community support, cultural heritage, and social acceptance of tourism development, can shape the participation of business angels in rural tourism. Integrating technology into rural tourism and facilitating access to affordable technological infrastructure, such as Internet connectivity, can empower rural entrepreneurs and enable them to use digital tools effectively. Individual factors, such as risk tolerance, expertise, and financial ability of angel investors, can affect their participation in rural tourism. It is very important to address cultural, economic, political, resources, legal, planning, technology, security, infrastructure, team building, facilities, social, and individual factors to strengthen the participation of business angels in the development of rural tourism in Iran.
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