Journal of Entrepreneurial Strategies in Agriculture

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     The main goal of this study was investigating the effect of the growth of agricultural sector and trade openness level on the stabilized entrepreneurship and new entrepreneurship in selected countries. To do so, the data related to 25 selected countries during the period of
2008-2013 as well as panel data approach used. The assessment results indicated a positive and significant effect of both the variables on the entrepreneurship in the selected countries, such that one percent increase in the trade openness level and agricultural sector growth with a time delay led to 18.30 and 0.06 percent, respectively, positive change in the stabilized entrepreneurship rate, and on the other hand, one percent increase in the trade openness level and agricultural sector growth with a delay led to 16.73 and 0.32 percent, respectively, positive change in the new entrepreneurship rate. Therefore, in order to accomplish entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector, increasing attention toward these two subjects, and eliminating the obstacles facing them should be placed in countries’ agenda.
 

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Entrepreneurship is closely linked to the economic and social development of countries, and today it is one of the indicators of development in the developing world. Due to the special role of entrepreneurs in the process of economic growth and development, many governments in developed countries are struggling to maximize the opportunities and exploit research gains that leading a number of people with entrepreneurial characteristics to entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial activities. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the share of agriculture and entrepreneurship index. For this reason, entrepreneurship Perceived Opportunity and entrepreneurship Perceived Capabilities were used to examine entrepreneurship and agricultural sector share. For this purpose, the data and data of G20 and Iran during the period of 2008-2017 and Fischer co-integration method have been used.  The results of the co-integration study showed that there is a long-term relationship between the agricultural sector's contribution to economic growth and entrepreneurship Perceived Opportunity. Also, the long-term relationship between agricultural sectors contributes to economic growth and entrepreneurship capability is also confirmed. In addition, the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between two entrepreneurial indicators, entrepreneurship Perceived Opportunity and entrepreneurship Perceived Capabilities, has also been confirmed. Considering the results obtained in the research on the long-term relationship between agricultural sector's share of entrepreneurship Perceived Opportunity and entrepreneurship Perceived Capabilities and the high share of the country's employees in this section, policymakers should pay attention to the importance of agricultural sector potential in improving entrepreneurial conditions.

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Providing people's feed requirement, raw materials for industry, employment and creating incomes is important; strengthening and developing the agricultural sector has a significant role in consolidating the economic foundations of developing countries; for this reason, the stability and sustainability of agricultural sector growth. For this reason, the stability and sustainability of the agricultural sector are among the main drivers of social stability and economic growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the share of agricultural employment with the fear of entrepreneurship in the three categories of high economic growth, sustained economic growth, and unsustainable economic growth. Therefore, the panel data related to fears of failure rates and agricultural employment share in the years of 2008- 2017 for 15 countries and the Panel least squares method were used. The results show that there is an inverse relationship between the share of agricultural employment and the fear of entrepreneurial failure. Investigating the relationship between these three groups showed that there was no significant difference between them. To better understand the environmental factors governing the relationship between industrialization and entrepreneurship, re-sampling should be done. Based on the results, it is suggested that in the conditions of rapid structural changes and in countries with high agricultural share, more government guarantees are needed.