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Volume 1, Issue 1 (4-2014)
The aim of this research is to investigate the level of entrepreneurship morale of agricultural students in Yasouj University. The statistical population of this study consisted of all freshman and senior agricultural students who were studying at Yasouj University in 2012- 2013 semesters . Accordingly, 207 students were selected by using stratified random sampling formula. Data collected through researcher-made questionnaire the validity of which was approved through experts' views and its r eliability was confirmed by Cronbach-Alpha coefficient. The findings of the research showed that 75.4% of students were at average level of entrepreneurship morale. Also the result indicated that there was no significant difference between male and female students in their level of entrepreneurship morale. The comparing means of characteristics of entrepreneurship (t-test) revealed that there was significant difference between male and female students in their level of ambiguity tolerance. In addition, there was no significant difference between freshman and senior students and students of different fields in terms of characteristics of entrepreneurship morale. This finding suggests that the university trainings could not lead to an increase of entrepreneurial morale in students. Therefore, it is suggested that more communication established among the university and centers of entrepreneurship and nurture of the entrepreneurial morale should be considered during the design and presentation of educational programs. Furthermore, it should be more attentive to the practical aspects of lessons as well as the theoretical materials content in accordance with what there is in the facts and action.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (5-2014)
The Unemployment of agricultural graduates has been one of the most important challenges of higher education systems in recent years, and has had the negative effects on students’ learning and motivation. But it seems that according to the capacity of the agricultural sector in Iran, this problem can be solved by enhancing students’ entrepreneurship empowerment. Thus, the main purpose of the present study was to identify the factors affecting entrepreneurship empowerment and employment of students after graduation that implemented by survey method. The statistical population of the study was the senior students at Yasouj University (160 person), that 110 of them selected by proportional stratified random sampling. Data were gathered using questionnaires. The face validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and pilot study, and measuring Cronbach’s alpha (0.89 - 0.97). The results of the study showed that the majority of students believed, individual, socio-cultural and educational factors respectively have the greatest effect on students' entrepreneurial skills. The most important individual factors includes self-efficacy beliefs and creativity the most important socio-cultural factors includes community’s economic issues and the attractiveness of entrepreneurship career and the most important educational factors includes the existence of competitive environment in university and the creative and dynamic environment in dorms. The results showed that the respondents have more potential in social relations, creativity, and leadership and communication skills, respectively. Finally, it is recommended some suggestions for developing the entrepreneurship empowerment.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (5-2014)
The purpose of this descriptive -survey research is to analyses the effective factors in the development of the entrepreneurship spirit among the natural resources students. Research has been done by questionnaire, data were analyzed by using spss software and in order to identify factors involved in the entrepreneurial spirit of student's descriptive statistics were used and the Mann-Whitney U Test and Independent T-test were used to test the difference hypothesis. the results have showed that among the psychological variables, variables related to psychological factors influencing the entrepreneurial spirit including self- confidence, self-esteem and prospective being variables, have the greatest impact and hard-working , capability of creative management have the least impact . Among the effective educational and collegiate variables, creative teaching methods, adaptation of courses with scientific and have the greatest impact and continuous and regular evaluation of students have the least impact and among the institutional factors, supporting the thesis and researches related to entrepreneurship variable have the most impact and developing entrepreneurship groups and a shared vision and variables have the least impact. This research also shows that there is no significant and positive relationship between the gender, skill, experience and desire to set up business and effective factors on developing students' s entrepreneurial spirit.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (11-2015)
One of the main challenges of our society and especially the educated youth job creation in the country. In such circumstances, self-employment, entrepreneurship is one of the most important solutions. Entrepreneurship education can play an important role in changing the attitudes of students towards self-employment and entrepreneurship. In this research the attitude of students towards entrepreneurship Agriculture, based on Q methodology. This method takes advantage of both descriptive and analytical statistics and this feature makes Q method more comprehensive than other research methods. The population in this study included the students in agriculture faculty of Razi university of Kermanshah. Sampling is therefore purposefully and the selected people have special thought in regards to the subject of the research. During the research, to assess the reliability and validity, we use both triangulation and panel of experts. Based on the results of Q-factor analysis, the attitudes of the participants were classified into three groups. The first group define entrepreneurship as a risk-taking and creativity activity, second group define it as a higher social position and the third group believe that entrepreneurship makes them ready to take responsibility in the future.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (4-2015)
Self-employment is one of the best options to prepare higher education system learners for employment in the labor market and resolving the unemployment problem but there are barriers against it. The purpose of this study is to assess the self-employment barriers from the perspective of graduate students of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University in Kermanshah. The general approach of research is quantitative and in terms of target is practical. Statistical population consisted of 470 students. Based on random stratified sampling method 52 Ph.D. students and 160 M.Sc. students were selected in order to do this study. Was used data collection, the researcher made questionnaire. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts (scientific board members of department of extension and rural development of Razi University and some of entrepreneurship experts in province) and its reliability was calculated using alpha Cronbach coefficient (α= 0.86). The exploratory factor analysis and SPSS software was used to analyze the results. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, 4 factors include of training, structural- political, personality and social- economical are the barriers to self-employment from the perspective of students who explained55.76 percent of the total variance. Holding of joint meetings of students with the private sector, become familiar students with the rules of agricultural businesses and setting up educational content based on labor market needs to improve the self-employed status in the future is recommended.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (4-2015)
Regarding the role of creativity and risk-taking in acquiring entrepreneurship skills and taking account the situation of higher education the role of agriculture in nation, independency, this research alims at investigation creativity and risk-taking among the first-year students of agriculture. The population of this study consists of 338 students. The sample drawn through simple random sampling includes 268 students. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS through descriptive statistics, ANOVA and DUNCAN test. The result shows that the most of students have weak or very weak level of creativity. Moreover, there are significant differences among under study groups in terms of creativity (99%certain) and farness of thought (95%certain). However, there, is no significant among these groups in terms of risk-taking .In addition there is no difference between the students in 2010 and 2011 in terms of day dream, practicality, clearness of thought and creativity, However, these students are significantly different from those entered in 2013 in terms of the mentioned characteristics. Due to the low level of the under study characteristics in this research and the crucial role of agriculture in the nation’s development it can be recommended that the existing lesson plans and curriculum has to be substantially revised.
Volume 3, Issue 6 (12-2016)
Nowadays, facing toward the entrepreneurial Universities and optimal performance in entrepreneurial higher education system is the main strategy in agricultural higher education system. In this regard, the main of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of agricultural higher education system on improvement of entrepreneurial capabilities among agricultural students (M.Sc. and PhD levels). By using of stratified random sampling method, among graduate students of agriculture in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (N=995), sample size of 288 was determined. The research instrument consisting of standardized test "to measure personality traits of entrepreneurship in Iran" with standardized international test of entrepreneurship center of Durham University in England and five variables of the effectiveness of entrepreneurial higher education system. The results showed that the majority of respondents, in terms of achievement motivation and internal control were "relatively high" level; but in terms of independence, risk taking and creativity were at "relatively low" and "low" levels, respectively. Other findings suggest that only there was significant difference between two abilities of independence and risk taking, among M.Sc. and PhD students. Also, the upper GPA among respondents has increased their achievement motivation; but the increase in GPA, has not made a significant impact on entrepreneurial capabilities. According to regression analysis, totally, three variables of content and curriculum (Beta= 0.392), management and infrastructure factors (Beta= 0.304) and methods of teaching and training (Beta= 0.229) explained 60.2 percent of factors affecting on improvement of entrepreneurial capabilities among respondents. Therefore, the priority of educational planning to enhance the independence, risk taking and creativity of students in the three effective variables will be effective in improving the effectiveness of the agricultural education system.
Volume 4, Issue 8 (12-2017)
A common definition of the gender position in society and the underlying mental patterns on it affects the incidence of different behaviors based on gender. Therefore, the present study seeks to determine which gender differences affect the incidence and tendency of entrepreneurship. The population of the study consisted of agricultural undergraduate students at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (N =740). The study was of applied type and research method was survey. The sample size was determined on the basis of Cochran formula in 275 students (127 male and 148 female students) and the sampling was done using of proportional stratified random sampling. The findings showed that the male students tended to be more entrepreneurial than female students. Male students also had higher levels of risk aversion and higher self-esteem than female students; but female students were more motivated than men. Also, the most important variables predicting and differentiating the tendency of entrepreneurship on the basis of gender are related to the general expectations and general impression of the society towards gender, the tendency to entrepreneurship, and the perception of mental and psychological abilities to engage in entrepreneurial activities.
Volume 5, Issue 9 (4-2018)
The present study seeks to investigate the factors influencing the development of entrepreneurship skills among students of science-applied education centers of Fars, Khorasan Razavi and Alborz provinces. The present study is an applied research in terms of the purpose, a causal-relational research in terms of the approach, and a survey study in terms of the method. A researcher-made questionnaire is the main tool of the research which validity was assessed by the expert's point of view, and its reliability was evaluated by the Composite Reliability (CR).The statistical population of the study included the last semester students of scientific-applied education center of the Agriculture Jihad in Khorasan Razavi, Fars and Alborz provinces (670 students). .The sample size (245 students) was determined using Krejcie and Morgan tables. According to the results of the research, more than 60% of the subjects assessed their entrepreneurial skills at weak and moderate levels. It was also found that three types of educational, economic and psychological factors can explain 61% of variance changes in the development of students' entrepreneurship skills.
Volume 6, Issue 11 (9-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 12 (12-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 12 (12-2019)
Volume 7, Issue 13 (6-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 13 (6-2020)
Volume 7, Issue 14 (12-2020)
Volume 9, Issue 17 (7-2022)
Introduction and Objective: Entrepreneurship is a vital approach to accelerating innovation, developing economic growth, reducing unemployment, maintaining social stability and, indeed, value creation; in such a way that entrepreneurial activity or entrepreneurial behavior has attracted a lot of attention in educational and political systems. Over the past decades, many developing countries, including Iran, have turned to entrepreneurship as a potential underlying solution to various problems facing the country, including; Lack of efficiency in the economy, rising unemployment rate, over-graduation and the inability of the private and public sectors to create jobs for them have received serious attention. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the main purpose of investigating the impact of environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students at Ilam University.
Material and Methods: In terms of paradigm, this research was quantitative, according to the applied purpose and in data collection and analysis was descriptive-correlation, which was done using structural equation modeling technique. The statistical population of this study included all fourth year undergraduate students of Ilam University (N=160), which using Cochran's formula, 100 of them by stratified random sampling with appropriate assignment (Based on field of study) were selected for the study. The main research tool was questionnaire که, the validity of which was confirmed by a panel of experts and convergent validity and its reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability. Data analysis was performed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS21 and LISREL 8.80 software.
Results: The results showed that the status of entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students of Ilam University was moderate to high. The results showed that the variables of perceived desirability of entrepreneurship, social support, social norms and the entrepreneurship role model had a positive and significant relationship with the entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students. In addition, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the perceived desirability variable had the greatest effect (β= 0.82) directly and the social norms variable had the least effect (β = 0.06) indirectly. He had the entrepreneurial intention of the students.
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be said that environmental factors such as social support, social norms and entrepreneurial patterns have an important role in developing the entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students due to the perceived variability of entrepreneurial desirability; Therefore, according to these factors, it is possible to develop the intention and entrepreneurial behavior of students in the agricultural higher education system of the country.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (7-2024)
Background: In today's era, characterized by fluctuating job markets and dynamic business environments, personal attributes such as career adaptability and proactive personality will increasingly influence the post-graduation career trajectory of students. In this context, the research literature shows that career adaptability and proactive personality play an undeniable role in the formation of students' entrepreneurial intention, which is considered an important prerequisite for starting a business. Theoretical evidence suggests that their adaptability resources influence entrepreneurial intention among students. Moreover, the development of career adaptability is intricately linked to a proactive personality, which enables individuals to discern opportunities and devise apt solutions amid uncertain environments, as posited by the Career Construction Theory. In this context, empirical exploration into the nexus of a proactive personality, career adaptability, and entrepreneurial intention remains scarce. Hence, this study aimed to examine the mediating influence of career adaptability between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students. By fulfilling this research objective, not only does this study contribute to the depth of literature on entrepreneurial intention, but it also sheds light on the significance of fostering career adaptability among agricultural students.
Methods: The research adopted a quantitative approach, employing survey methodology and a cross-sectional time frame for data collection and correlational-causal data processing for analysis. The statistical population comprised fourth-year undergraduate agricultural students enrolled in public universities across Iran. Employing the inverse square root method, a sample of 384 students was selected utilizing a multi-stage sampling technique, wherein two universities were randomly chosen from each of the five regions under the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, amounting to a total of ten universities. Data were gathered from students enrolled in the selected universities. The research utilized questionnaires assessing entrepreneurial intention (6 items), proactive personality (3 items), and career adaptability (12 items), designed on a five-point Likert scale within the native Porsline system and distributed online. The validity of the research instruments was ensured through reviews and confirmation by a panel of agricultural education experts. Additionally, reliability was established via a pilot study and calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α > 0.7). The measurement model's validity was affirmed through factor loading calculations and assessments of convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability, utilizing Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability (α and CR > 0.7; AVE > 0.5; HTMT < 0.85). Structural equation modeling, employing the partial least squares approach, was employed for data analysis. The SmartPLS4 software facilitated the data analysis process.
Results: The research findings empirically validated the mediating role of career adaptability in the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students (β = 0.271, t = 5.174, p = 0.001). Notably, the results also indicate a direct influence of proactive personality on the entrepreneurial intention of the surveyed students (β = 0.291, t = 4.077, p = 0.001). Moreover, this positive effect is evident in both pathways: the direct relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention and the relationship mediated by career adaptability. Consequently, the career adaptability variable assumes a complementary mediating role in the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students. This study highlights the significance of proactive personality and career adaptability as pivotal antecedents shaping the entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students. Thus, agricultural students with a proactive disposition can enhance their entrepreneurial intention by fostering their career adaptability. Furthermore, the research findings highlight that both direct and indirect effects exhibit comparable strength, collectively explicating 43.5% of the variance in entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students. Hence, enhancing students' career adaptability is indispensable for fostering entrepreneurial intention within agricultural universities.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the career adaptability of agricultural students, serving as a psychological resource, significantly influences the development of their entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, a proactive personality trait shapes career adaptability. Thus, this research emphasizes that the formation of entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students relies on personal resources, encompassing both career adaptability and proactive personality. Consequently, agricultural higher education institutions aspiring to cultivate entrepreneurial intentions among their students should prioritize initiatives aimed at enhancing career adaptability. These efforts could include organizing educational workshops and inviting successful entrepreneurs. Similarly, fostering proactive personalities can be achieved through empowerment programs and related activities. In essence, the insights collected from this study can inform the design of targeted programs geared toward instilling entrepreneurial intentions among agricultural students. To foster entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students, agricultural higher education institutions are advised to enhance students' career adaptability by engaging entrepreneurs from the agricultural sector and organizing diverse educational workshops, including those focusing on soft skills development. Moreover, initiatives aimed at cultivating a proactive personality among students, such as psychological empowerment programs, can further facilitate the enhancement of their career adaptability. By implementing these strategies, institutions can effectively prepare agricultural students to embark on entrepreneurial endeavors in the agricultural domain.
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