Journal of Entrepreneurial Strategies in Agriculture

fa بررسی نقش دروس عملی در بهبود شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه دانشجویان (مورد مطالعه: دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری) Investigating the Role Practical Courses in Improving the Entrepreneurial Competencies of Students (The case of: Students of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University) کارآفرینی در کشاورزی کارآفرینی در کشاورزی پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">مقدمه و هدف: کسب شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه توسط دانش‌‌آموختگان آموزش عالی، موجب افزایش مشارکت آنها در زمینه توسعه اقتصادی و بهبود سطح رفاه زندگی اجتماعی آنان خواهد شد. لذا، تربیت دانش‌‌آموختگان کارآفرین از جمله اهداف اساسی نظام آموزش عالی کشور است. در بین دروس مختلف، دروس عملی فرصتی برای مهارت‌‌زایی و مجهزساختن دانش‌‌آموختگان به شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه هستند. دروس عملی می‌‌توانند با ترکیب دانش نظری و دانش تجربی، تفکرهای انتقادی و یادگیری به شیوه حل مسأله را فراهم سازند. لذا، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش دروس عملی در بهبود شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری به انجام رسید. مواد و روش‌ها: رویکرد کلی تحقیق، کمی و توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در مقطع دکتری و کارشناسی ارشد و سال آخر دوره کارشناسی هستند (1611 نفر) که با روش نمونه‌‌گیری طبقه‌‌ای تصادفی 310 نفر از آنها بهعنوان نمونه، انتخاب شدند. روایی پرسشنامه‌‌ از طریق اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه و بررسی شاخص روایی محتوایی (CVI) و نسبت روایی محتوایی (CVR) بررسی شد. پایایی پرسشنامه نیز با استفاده از پیش‌‌آزمون و محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که به اعتقاد اکثر دانشجویان مورد مطالعه، دروس عملی تأثیری در حد متوسط را در بهبود شاخص‌‌های شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه آنها دارند. شایستگی‌‌های فردی و ارتباطی بیشترین میانگین و شایستگی‌‌های فنی- تخصصی کمترین جایگاه را در بین انواع شایستگی‌‌ها کسب کردند. نتایج پژوهش همچنین نشان داد که سطح تحصیلات بر شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه دانشجویان مؤثر است و دانشجویان دکتری، میانگین شایستگی بیشتری را بهدست آوردند. در بین دروس مختلف عملی، درس کارآموزی بیشترین تأثیر را در بهبود شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه دانشجویان داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: شایستگی کارآفرینانه دانشجویان دکتری بیشتر بوده و اعتقاد آن‌‌ها نسبت به تأثیر دروس عملی در بهبود شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه بیشتر است. در نتیجه، هرچند تأثیر دروس عملی بر بهبود شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه متوسط است اما با افزایش سطح سواد دانشجویان این دیدگاه تقویت شده است. درس کارآموزی به دلیل قرارگرفتن در شرایط ملموس و عینی، بیشترین تأثیر را در بهبود شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه داشته است. با توجه به یافته‌‌های تحقیق پیشنهادهایی جهت ارتقای تأثیر دروس عملی بر بهبود شایستگی‌‌های کارآفرینانه دانشجویان ارائه شد.    </div> <h1 style="text-indent: -0.5pt; text-align: justify;">Extended Abstract  </h1> <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: Acquiring entrepreneurial competencies among higher education graduates is essential for enhancing their participation in economic development and improving the overall welfare of their social lives. In today's rapidly changing job market, the ability to think critically and solve problems is paramount. Therefore, training entrepreneurial graduates has become one of the fundamental goals of the higher education system in many countries. Among various educational methodologies, practical courses stand out as a significant opportunity to develop essential skills and equip graduates with the necessary entrepreneurial competencies. Practical courses offer a unique blend of theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience, enabling students to engage in critical thinking and problem-solving. These courses are designed to bridge the gap between academic learning and real-world application, fostering an environment where students can experiment with their ideas and learn from their experiences. This research aims to investigate the role of practical courses in enhancing the entrepreneurial competencies of students at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU). By focusing on this specific context, the study seeks to provide valuable insights into how practical training can influence students' readiness to enter the workforce as competent entrepreneurs. Methods: The research employs a quantitative and descriptive-survey approach to gather and analyze data. The statistical population consists of students enrolled at SANRU, specifically those pursuing Ph.D. and Master's degrees, as well as final-year Bachelor's students, totaling 1,611 individuals. From this population, a sample of 310 students was selected using a stratified random sampling method. This sampling technique ensures that various subgroups within the population are adequately represented, enhancing the reliability of the findings. To assess the effectiveness of practical courses in improving entrepreneurial competencies, a structured questionnaire was developed. The validity of this questionnaire was evaluated by faculty members at the university, utilizing both the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) to ensure that the instrument accurately measures the intended constructs. Furthermore, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through a pre-test, followed by the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which indicated a satisfactory level of internal consistency. Results: The findings of this research reveal that, according to the majority of the students surveyed, practical courses have an average effect on improving their entrepreneurial competence indicators. Among the different types of competencies assessed, individual and communication competencies received the highest average ratings, indicating that students feel more confident in these areas. In contrast, technical-specialist competencies were rated the lowest, suggesting that there may be opportunities for improvement in this particular aspect of entrepreneurial training. Additionally, the research highlights the influence of educational level on students' entrepreneurial skills. Notably, Ph.D. students reported higher average scores in entrepreneurial competencies compared to their Master's and Bachelor's counterparts. This suggests that advanced education may correlate with a deeper understanding of entrepreneurial principles and practices. Among the various practical courses offered, the internship course emerged as the most impactful in enhancing students' entrepreneurial skills. This finding underscores the importance of experiential learning in fostering the competencies necessary for successful entrepreneurship. Conclusion: The research concludes that the entrepreneurial competence of Ph.D. students is notably higher, and they possess a stronger belief in the effectiveness of practical courses in improving their entrepreneurial skills. While the overall effect of practical courses on each dimension of entrepreneurial competencies is considered moderate, this perception is significantly reinforced as students' educational levels increase. The internship course, in particular, has proven to be highly effective due to its immersive nature, allowing students to engage directly with real-world challenges and opportunities. In light of these findings, several recommendations are proposed to enhance the impact of practical courses on improving the entrepreneurial competencies of students. First, universities should consider integrating more hands-on experiences into the curriculum, particularly in technical and specialized areas, to bolster students' confidence and skills. Additionally, fostering partnerships with local businesses and organizations can provide students with valuable internship opportunities and exposure to industry practices. Moreover, it is essential to create a supportive environment that encourages collaboration and networking among students, faculty, and industry professionals. This can be achieved through workshops, seminars, and mentorship programs that facilitate knowledge sharing and skill development. By adopting these strategies, higher education institutions can better prepare their graduates for the challenges of entrepreneurship and contribute to the overall economic development of their communities. In conclusion, the findings of this study emphasize the critical role of practical courses in developing entrepreneurial competencies among students at SANRU. As the job market continues to evolve, equipping graduates with the necessary skills and experiences will be vital for their success as entrepreneurs. By prioritizing practical training and fostering a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship, higher education institutions can significantly enhance the employability and readiness of their graduates, ultimately contributing to the broader economic landscape.</div> دروس عملی, شایستگی فنی, شایستگی کارآفرینانه, کارآفرینی دانش‌‌آموختگان Entrepreneurial competence, Entrepreneurship of graduates, Practical courses,Technical competence 116 127 http://jea.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-11-264-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Fatemeh Ghorbani Piralidehi فاطمه قربانی پیرعلیدهی f.ghorbani@sanru.ac.ir 10031947532846004710 10031947532846004710 Yes Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران