Journal of Entrepreneurial Strategies in Agriculture

fa طراحی و تبیین الگوی کارآفرینی راهبردی در صنعت گردشگری کشاورزی Designing and Explaining of Strategic Entrepreneurship Model in the Agritourism Industry کارآفرینی در کشاورزی کارآفرینی در کشاورزی پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">مقدمه و هدف: کارآفرینی بخش حیاتی هر جامعه و نیروی محرکهای برای اشتغال، رشد و رقابت بیشتر است و بنا به دلایل مختلف مانند کمک به توسعه اقتصادی کشورها، ایجاد نوآوری در بازار و ارائه فرصت&lrm;های شغلی جدید، در هر برنامه راهبردی از اولویت بالایی برخوردار و به طور ویژه ای مورد توجه برنامه ریزان و سیاست گذاران قرار گرفته است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر ارائه الگوی کارآفرینی راهبردی در صنعت گردشگری کشاورزی است. مواد و روش ها: روش تحقیق آمیخته یا ترکیبی از روش کیفی و کمی است. در بخش کیفی داده ها با استفاده از نظرات 16 نفر از خبرگان دانشگاهی، مدیران و کارشناسان گردشگری و کارآفرینی با مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته، با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد جمع&lrm;آوری گردید. همچنین، در این پژوهش نمونه&lrm;گیری به&lrm;روش نظری و هدفمند صورت گرفت. جامعه آماری در بخش کمی صاحبان کسب و کارها و فعالان حوزه صنعت گردشگری در استان آذربایجان غربی بوده و حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران برای جوامع نامعلوم به تعداد 400 نفر به&lrm;صورت تصادفی انتخاب شد. روش گردآوری اطلاعات به دو روش کتابخانه&lrm;ای و میدانی بوده است و ابزار گردآوری داده ها در بخش کمّی پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود. برای آمار توصیفی و کشف ساختار از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی از نرم&lrm;افزار SPSS 25 و به&lrm;منظور برازش مدل و ارتباط بین متغیرها و آزمون روابط بین متغیرهای تحقیق، برای تعیین روایی همگرا و واگرای سازه از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و پایایی ترکیبی (CR) از روش معادلات ساختاری، از نرم&lrm;افزار Smart pLs نسخه 4 استفاده شد. یافته ها: مدل نهایی از مقوله شرایط علی (متنوع ساختن اقتصاد روستایی و کشاورزی، تمایل به کارآفرینی گردشگری کشاورزی و رقابت&lrm;پذیری کسب&lrm;و&lrm;کارهای مقیاس کوچک)، مقوله زمینه&lrm;‌ای (زیرساختهای فیزیکی و محیطی کسب&lrm;و&lrm;کار گردشگری، سیاست&lrm;ها و حمایت&lrm;های نهادی، اعتماد به نفس و ریسک&lrm;پذیری و عوامل اجتماعی - فرهنگی)، شرایط مداخله‌گر (ابتکارات کشاورزان یا صاحبان مزارع، اثرات انگیزشی و آموزش&lrm;های لازم)، و الگوی کارآفرینی راهبردی در صنعت گردشگری کشاورزی (شبکه&lrm;سازی و استفاده از روابط، مدیریت و سازماندهی و حمایت&lrm;های عمومی) تشکیل شده که منجر به پیامدهایی می&lrm;شود که عبارتند از: شکوفایی فرصت کاری؛ رشد درآمد و بهره وری؛ رونق و توسعه کارآفرینی گردشگری؛ و توسعه اجتماعی و فرهنگی. نتیجه گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که گردشگری کشاورزی با رویکرد کارآفرینی راهبردی منجر به دستاورد یا پیامدهای مانند شکوفایی فرصت کاری، رشد درآمد و بهره&lrm;وری، رونق و توسعه کارآفرینی گردشگری و توسعه اجتماعی و فرهنگی می&lrm;شود که توسعه آن برای توسعه پایدار کشور و به&lrm;دنبال آن توسعه اقتصادی کشور امری مهم و اجتناب&lrm;ناپذیر است که در صورت اجرای درست راهبردهایی مانند شبکه&lrm;سازی و استفاده از روابط، مدیریت و سازماندهی و حمایت&lrm;های عمومی دستیابی به پیامدهای آن امکانپذیر است، ضمن اینکه عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثرترین عامل، اثرات انگیزشی مداخله ترین عامل و حمایتهای عمومی با اهمیت&lrm;ترین راهبرد در مدل کارآفرینی راهبردی در صنعت گردشگری کشاورزی می&lrm;باشد.  </div> <h1 style="text-indent: -0.5pt; text-align: justify;">Extended Abstract  </h1> <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: Entrepreneurship is a vital component of any society, serving as a driving force for employment, economic growth, and competitive advantage. Due to its significant contributions to the economic development of countries, its role in fostering innovation in the market, and its ability to create new job opportunities, entrepreneurship has become a high priority in strategic planning. Planners and policymakers recognize the importance of entrepreneurship in shaping sustainable economies. This study aims to present a strategic entrepreneurship model specifically tailored for the agricultural tourism industry. By focusing on this niche, the research seeks to explore how entrepreneurial strategies can enhance the growth and sustainability of agricultural tourism, ultimately benefiting local economies and communities. Materials and Methods: The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 academic experts and managers in tourism and entrepreneurship. This data collection utilized a grounded theory approach, ensuring that the insights gathered were deeply rooted in the participants' experiences and expertise. The sampling method was both theoretical and purposeful, selecting individuals with relevant knowledge in the field. For the quantitative aspect of the research, the statistical population consisted of business owners and stakeholders in the tourism industry within West Azerbaijan province. A sample size of 400 participants was randomly selected using Cochran's formula, which is appropriate for unknown populations. Data collection methods included both library research and field surveys, with a researcher-made questionnaire designed to gather specific information relevant to the study. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were employed along with exploratory factor analysis using SPSS version 25. For model fitting and testing the relationships between variables, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using Smart PLS 4 software. This allowed for the determination of convergent and divergent validity, as well as the composite reliability of the structural equations involved in the research. Methods: The final model developed through this research outlines several critical components. The causal conditions identified include the diversification of the rural and agricultural economy, a growing tendency toward agricultural tourism entrepreneurship, and the competitiveness of small-scale businesses. Background factors contributing to these conditions include the physical and environmental infrastructure necessary for tourism, supportive institutional policies, self-confidence among entrepreneurs, risk-taking behaviors, and various social and cultural factors. Intervening conditions were also identified, including the initiatives taken by farmers or farm owners, motivational influences, and the necessity for training programs aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial skills. The strategic entrepreneurship model thus formed within the agricultural tourism industry emphasizes several key strategies: networking and leveraging relationships, effective management and organization, and the importance of public support. The results indicate that if these strategies are successfully implemented, they will lead to four significant consequences: the flourishing of job opportunities, growth in income and productivity, enhanced prosperity and development of tourism entrepreneurship, and overall social and cultural development within the community. These outcomes highlight the potential of agricultural tourism as a catalyst for broader economic and social benefits. Results: The final model developed through this research outlines several critical components. The causal conditions identified include the diversification of the rural and agricultural economy, a growing tendency toward agricultural tourism entrepreneurship, and the competitiveness of small-scale businesses. Background factors contributing to these conditions include the physical and environmental infrastructure necessary for tourism, supportive institutional policies, self-confidence among entrepreneurs, risk-taking behaviors, and various social and cultural factors. Intervening conditions were also identified, including the initiatives taken by farmers or farm owners, motivational influences, and the necessity for training programs aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial skills. The strategic entrepreneurship model thus formed within the agricultural tourism industry emphasizes several key strategies: networking and leveraging relationships, effective management and organization, and the importance of public support. The results indicate that if these strategies are successfully implemented, they will lead to four significant consequences: the flourishing of job opportunities, growth in income and productivity, enhanced prosperity and development of tourism entrepreneurship, and overall social and cultural development within the community. These outcomes highlight the potential of agricultural tourism as a catalyst for broader economic and social benefits. Conclusion: The findings of this research demonstrate that agricultural tourism, when approached with a strategic entrepreneurial mindset, can lead to substantial achievements. These achievements include the creation of vibrant business opportunities, increased income and productivity, and the overall prosperity of tourism entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the development of agricultural tourism is crucial for the sustainable development of the country and plays a pivotal role in its economic advancement. To realize these benefits, it is essential to implement effective strategies such as fostering networking opportunities, enhancing management and organizational practices, and ensuring robust public support. Additionally, the research identifies social and cultural factors as the most influential elements impacting the success of agricultural tourism initiatives. Motivational effects were noted as significant intervening factors, while public support emerged as the most critical strategy within the strategic entrepreneurship model for the agricultural tourism industry. In summary, this study underscores the importance of adopting a strategic entrepreneurial approach to agricultural tourism, emphasizing the need for collaboration among stakeholders, investment in training and education, and the development of supportive policies. By harnessing these strategies, agricultural tourism can thrive, contributing not only to economic growth but also to the cultural and social enrichment of communities. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of these strategies and examine additional variables that may influence the success of agricultural tourism initiatives, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of this dynamic sector.</div> کارآفرینی راهبردی, کشاورزی, گردشگری, مدل گردشگری Agriculture, Strategic entrepreneurship, Tourism, Tourism model 128 146 http://jea.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-11-636-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mojtaba Ashrafi soltan ahmadi مجتبی اشرفی سلطان احمدی mojtabaashrafi@student.pnu.ac.ir 10031947532846004719 10031947532846004719 No Department of Management, University of Payame Noor, Tehran, Iran گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران Yazdan Shirmohammadi یزدان شیرمحمدی y.shirmohamadi@pnu.ac.ir 10031947532846004720 10031947532846004720 Yes Department of Business Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران Mohammad Taghi Amini محمد تقی امینی m_amini@pnu.ac.ir 10031947532846004721 10031947532846004721 No Department of Business Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران Mehdi Haddadzadeh مهدی حدادزاده mhaddadz@pnu.ac.ir 10031947532846004722 10031947532846004722 No Department of Business Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران